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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optam | om opt |
| 2SG: | optat | ot opt |
| 3SG: | opteš | ok/ogeš opt |
| 1PL: | optə̑na | ona/ogə̑na opt |
| 2PL: | optə̑da | oda/ogə̑da opt |
| 3PL: | optə̑t | ogə̑t opt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optə̑m | šə̑m opt |
| 2SG: | optə̑č́ | šə̑č́ opt |
| 3SG: | opto | ə̑š opt |
| 1PL: | optna | ə̑šna opt |
| 2PL: | optda | ə̑šda opt |
| 3PL: | optə̑č́ | ə̑št opt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optə̑nam | optə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | optə̑nat | optə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | optə̑n | optə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | optə̑nna | optə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | optə̑nda | optə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | optə̑nə̑t | optə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optam ə̑l'e | om opt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | optat ə̑l'e | ot opt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | opteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš opt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | optə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na opt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | optə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da opt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | optə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t opt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optam ulmaš | om opt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | optat ulmaš | ot opt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | opteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš opt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | optə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na opt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | optə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da opt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | optə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t opt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optə̑nam ə̑l'e | optə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | optə̑nat ə̑l'e | optə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | optə̑n ə̑l'e | optə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | optə̑nna ə̑l'e | optə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | optə̑nda ə̑l'e | optə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | optə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | optə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optə̑nam ulmaš | optə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | optə̑nat ulmaš | optə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | optə̑n ulmaš | optə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | optə̑nna ulmaš | optə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | optə̑nda ulmaš | optə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | optə̑nə̑t ulmaš | optə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | opt | it opt |
| 3SG: | optšo | ə̑nže opt |
| 1PL: | (optə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na opt) |
| 2PL: | optsa | ida opt |
| 3PL: | optə̑št | ə̑nə̑št opt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optnem | ə̑nem opt |
| 2SG: | optnet | ə̑net opt |
| 3SG: | optneže | ə̑než opt |
| 1PL: | optnena | ə̑nena opt |
| 2PL: | optneda | ə̑neda opt |
| 3PL: | optnešt | ə̑nešt opt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | optnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem opt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | optnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net opt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | optneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než opt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | optnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena opt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | optneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda opt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | optnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt opt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | optnet ulmaš | ə̑net opt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | optneže ulmaš | ə̑než opt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | optneda ulmaš | ə̑neda opt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | optnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt opt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | optaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | optman |
| Active participle: | optšo |
| Passive participle: | optmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | optšaš |
| Negative participle: | optdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | optə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | optde |
| Gerund of prior action: | optmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | optmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | optšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | optmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | optdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||